List of Heart Diseases, causes and symptoms
Heart disease is also known as cardiovascular
disease or coronary heart disease. It is caused
due to the disorder of the
blood vessels of the heart which can lead to heart attack. When an artery
becomes blocked, prevent oxygen and nutrients from getting to the heart then
heart attack happens. Cardiovascular disease is basically a disease of heart and
blood vessel system. It includes stroke, high blood pressure, chest pain and
rheumatic heart disease. There are different types of heart diseases that
affect various organs of the human body. Let us understand through this
article.
Types of Heart Diseases
1. Congenital heart disease This is a type of heart disease which occurs by birth. Like: - Septal defects: Hole between the two chambers of the heart. - Obstruction defects: When the flow of blood through various chambers of the heart is totally or partially blocked. - Cyanotic disease: Shortage of oxygen around the body.
2. Coronary artery disease Function of coronary arteries is to supply oxygen and nutrients by circulating blood to the heart muscle. Due to the deposition of cholesterol coronary arteries can be damaged.
In this disease flow of blood damages and destroys the part of heart muscles. It happens due
to blood clotting of the coronary arteries and also occur if an artery suddenly narrows or
spasms. This disease is also known as cardiac infarction, heart attack and coronary
thrombosis.
3. Arrhythmia
It is a type of heart disease in which heart beat is irregular. It occurs when the electrical
impulses in the heart that coordinate the heartbeat do not work properly. Sometimes it may
become fatal. Various conditions are:
- Tachycardia: heart beats become too fast.
- Bradycardia: heart beats become too slow.
- Fibrillation: heartbeat is irregular
4. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Due to weak heart muscles, the chambers of heart become dilated and not able to pump
blood properly. This is because of insufficient oxygen which does not reach heart muscle
and also due to coronary disease. This disease affects the left ventricle.
5. Myocardial infarction
- Bradycardia: heart beats become too slow.
- Fibrillation: heartbeat is irregular
6. Heart failure
In this disease heart does not pump blood around the body. It may affect the
left or right side of the heart. It occurs due to high blood pressure or
coronary artery disease which leaves the heart too stiff or weak to fill and
pump properly. It is also known as congestive heart failure.
7. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
In this disease the wall of the left ventricle becomes thick. Due to this it
becomes harder for blood to be pumped out of the heart. It is basically a
genetic disorder which may leads to sudden death in athletes.
It is caused when the mitral valve in the heart does not close tightly enough.
Due to which blood flows back into the heart. People feel tired and out of
breath. It is also known as mitral valve regurgitation, mitral insufficiency or
mitral incompetence.
8. Mitral regurgitation
9. Mitral valve prolapse
In this disease the left atrium and left ventricle valve does not fully close
and it bulges upwards. This disease is not life-threatening and not much
treatment is required but if the person suffers from mitral regurgitation then
treatment may be required.
10. Pulmonary stenosis
In this disease pulmonary valve becomes tight and it becomes difficult for the
heart to pump blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. And to
overcome this obstruction, right ventricle has to work hard. Proper treatment
is required for this disease like balloon valvuloplasty or open-heart
surgery.
Common symptoms of Heart diseases
The symptoms of heart disease depend on the condition which is affecting an
individual.
- Chest pain commonly is a type of heart disease known as angina or angina
pectoris. It occurs when heart does not receive enough oxygen.
- Breathlessness
- Heart palpitations
- Sometimes heart attack occurs due to indigestion. Heartburn, stomach ache and
heavy feeling in the chest are also some symptoms of it.
- Heart failure is also an outcome of heart disease, and breathlessness
can occur when the heart becomes too weak to circulate blood.
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Sweating
- Fatigue
- Chest discomfort
- Pain which spreads to the arm
- Throat or pain in jaw
- You will exhaust easily
- Snoring
- Swelling in the legs, feet and in ankle
- Irregular heart beat
So, from the article we have learnt about various heart diseases, how much
dangerous they are and what are the common symptoms.
Human Circulatory System
These tubes carries blood are
called blood vessels. So, there are three types of blood vessels in the human
body: arteries, veins and capillaries. Now in detail we will understand all the
parts of the circulatory system.
Roughly the shape of the heart is triangular and is made up
of special muscle called cardiac muscle. The heart has four compartments known
as ‘chambers’ inside it. The upper two chambers of heart are known as atria (in
singular atrium) and the lower two chambers of heart are called ventricles.
From two main veins these two atria receives blood. And the two ventricles
transport blood to the entire body and the lungs. The left atrium is connected
to the left ventricle through a valve V1. Similarly, the right atrium is
connected to the right ventricle through another valve V2. These valves prevent
the back flow of blood in to atria when ventricles contract to pump blood out
of the heart to the rest of the body. This is because when the ventricles
contract, the valves V1 and V2 close automatically so that the blood may not go
back to atria. So, heart pumps blood around our body. All the atria and veins
contract and relax and make heart to pump blood. Since ventricles have to pump
blood in to various organs with high pressure, they have thicker walls than
atria.
A sheath of tissue called ‘pericardium’ protects the
muscular heart and the chambers of the heart are separated by a partition
called septum. Now, before describing the circulation of blood in the human
body it is necessary to know more about arteries, veins and capillaries.
Arteries are thick walled blood vessels which carry blood
from the heart to all the parts of the body. They are thick because blood
emerges from the heart under high pressure. Arteries are found in whole of our
body. The main artery called aorta is connected to the left ventricle of the
heart through a valve V3. The function of main artery is to carry oxygenated
blood from left ventricle to all the parts of the body except lungs. Another
artery called pulmonary artery is connected to the right ventricle of the heart
through another valve V4. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from
the right ventricle to the lungs.
The Capillaries are thin walled and extremely narrow tubes
or blood vessels which connect arteries to veins. Thus, the exchange of various
materials like oxygen, food, carbon dioxide etc between the blood and the body
cells takes place through capillaries only. The other end of capillaries is
joined to some wider tubes called veins. The deoxygenated blood or dirty blood
coming from the capillaries enters in to veins.
Veins are the thin walled blood vessels which carry blood
from all parts of the body back to the heart. Veins do not need thick walls
because the blood flowing through them is no longer under high pressure. Veins
have valves in them which allow the blood to flow in only one direction towards
the heart.
The main difference between artery and vein is that an
artery carries blood from the heart to the body organs whereas a vein carries
blood from the body organs back to the heart. The blood which carries oxygen is
called oxygenated blood and the blood which does not carry oxygen is called
deoxygenated blood, however carries carbon dioxide in it.
Also when blood circulates in our body it supplies oxygen,
digested food and other chemicals like hormones to all the cells of the body.
It also carries back waste products like carbon dioxide etc. from the body
cells.
Process of blood circulation in humans
The pulmonary vein brings the oxygenated blood from the
lungs in to the left atrium of the heart, when the muscles of all the four
chambers of the heart are relaxed.
When the left atrium contracts, the oxygenated blood is
pushed in to the left ventricle through the valve V1.
When the left ventricle contracts, the oxygenated blood is
forced in to the main artery called ‘aorta’. These arteries are in branched
form and goes in to the different body organs. The smaller arteries called
arterioles further branch in to capillaries.
The main artery carries blood to all the organs of the body
like head, chest, arms, stomach, intestines etc. In this way the cells of the
body gets oxygen from capillaries and then blood becomes deoxygenated by
loosing oxygen. Now the deoxygenated blood from the body organs enters in to
the main vein called vena cava. The main vein carries the deoxygenated blood to
the right atrium of the heart.
When the right atrium contracts, deoxygenated blood is
pushed in to the right ventricle through the valve V2.
And when the right ventricle contract, the deoxygenated
blood is pumped in to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. In the lungs,
deoxygenated blood releases its carbon dioxide and absorbs fresh oxygen from
air. So, the blood becomes oxygenated again. This oxygenated blood is again
sent to the left atrium of heart by pulmonary vein for circulation in the body.
This whole process is repeated continuously.
So, now we can say that a circulatory system is that in
which the blood travels twice through the heart in one complete cycle of the
body called double circulation. In human circulatory system the pathway of
blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart is called pulmonary
circulation and the pathway of blood from the heart to rest of the body and back
to the heart is called systemic circulation. And these two together make double
circulation.
Heart Beats:
One complete contraction and relaxation of the heart is
called a heart beat. The heart beat usually beats about 70 to 72 times in a
minute when we are resting. A stethoscope is an apparatus due to which doctors
listens our heart beat. The heart beat faster during and after exercise because
the body needs more energy under these conditions.
Blood Pressure:
The pressure at which blood is pumped around the body by the
heart is called blood pressure. The maximum pressure at which the blood leaves
the heart through the main artery during contraction phase is called the
systolic pressure and the minimum pressure in the arteries during the
relaxation phase of heart is called diastolic pressure.
Systolic pressure: 120 mm Hg
Diastolic pressure: 80 mm Hg
So, the normal blood pressure is 120/80 and is measured by an instrument called sphygmomanometer.
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